monophosphoryl lipid A

What is monophosphoryl lipid A

**Introduction to Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL-A)** Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL-A) is a detoxified derivative of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known for its potent immunostimulatory properties while exhibiting reduced toxicity. As a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, MPL-A enhances innate and adaptive immune responses, making it a valuable adjuvant in vaccines for diseases such as hepatitis B, HPV, and malaria. Its ability to promote Th1-type immunity and improve antigen presentation has led to its inclusion in FDA-approved vaccines like Cervarix® and Shingrix®. MPL-A is also being explored in cancer immunotherapy and allergy treatments due to its safety and efficacy. This versatile molecule continues to advance vaccine development and therapeutic applications.

Preparation Process: Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is prepared through the controlled hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria, such as *Salmonella minnesota*. The process involves treating LPS with mild acid or alkaline conditions to selectively cleave the 1-phosphate group from the lipid A moiety, leaving a single phosphate group at the 4' position. The resulting product is purified via solvent extraction, chromatography, or ultrafiltration to remove residual LPS and impurities. MPLA can also be synthesized chemically by modifying lipid A precursors. The final product is characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR to confirm structure and purity, ensuring reduced toxicity while retaining immunostimulatory properties.

Usage Scenarios: Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is a detoxified derivative of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used as an adjuvant in vaccines to enhance immune responses. It activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), stimulating innate immunity and promoting stronger adaptive immune reactions, including antibody production and T-cell activation. MPL is incorporated into vaccines for diseases such as hepatitis B, human papillomavirus (HPV), and malaria to improve efficacy. Its reduced toxicity compared to LPS makes it safer for clinical use. MPL also shows potential in cancer immunotherapy by boosting antitumor immunity. Additionally, it is explored in allergy and autoimmune disease treatments due to its immunomodulatory properties.

monophosphoryl lipid A Basic Info

monophosphoryl lipid A Price