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What is Phenol
**Introduction to Phenol** Phenol (C₆H₅OH), also known as carbolic acid, is a versatile aromatic organic compound widely used in industrial and laboratory applications. It appears as a white crystalline solid with a distinct medicinal odor and is soluble in water and organic solvents. Phenol serves as a key precursor in the production of plastics (e.g., Bakelite), pharmaceuticals (e.g., aspirin), and disinfectants due to its antiseptic properties. Additionally, it is employed in chemical synthesis, including resins, dyes, and explosives. While highly useful, phenol requires careful handling as it is corrosive and toxic, posing risks to skin and respiratory health. Proper safety measures are essential during its storage and use.
Preparation Process: To prepare phenol, the **cumene hydroperoxide process** is commonly used: 1. **Alkylation**: React benzene with propylene (using an acid catalyst) to form cumene. 2. **Oxidation**: Expose cumene to air, forming cumene hydroperoxide. 3. **Cleavage**: Treat the hydroperoxide with dilute sulfuric acid, decomposing it into phenol and acetone. 4. **Separation**: Distill the mixture to isolate phenol from acetone and byproducts. Alternatively, phenol can be obtained via: - **Hydrolysis of chlorobenzene** (Dow process) using NaOH and high temperature/pressure. - **Direct oxidation of benzene** (Raschig process) via chlorination and hydrolysis.
Usage Scenarios: Phenol is widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic in medical and household settings due to its antimicrobial properties. It serves as a precursor in the production of plastics, resins, and synthetic fibers like nylon and Bakelite. In laboratories, phenol is utilized for DNA and RNA extraction. The pharmaceutical industry employs it in the synthesis of drugs, including aspirin and other analgesics. It is also a key ingredient in cosmetic formulations like skin peels and oral care products. Additionally, phenol is used in industrial processes such as wood preservation, dye manufacturing, and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Phenol Basic Info
Phenol Price
- **United States**: $1,200 - $1,500 per metric ton
- **China**: $1,000 - $1,300 per metric ton
- **Russia**: $1,100 - $1,400 per metric ton
- **Germany**: $1,300 - $1,600 per metric ton
- **India**: $1,000 - $1,200 per metric ton
- **Japan**: $1,400 - $1,700 per metric ton
- **Brazil**: $1,100 - $1,400 per metric ton
- **South Korea**: $1,200 - $1,500 per metric ton
- **Philippines**: No results
- **United Kingdom**: $1,300 - $1,600 per metric ton
- **France**: $1,300 - $1,600 per metric ton
- **Mexico**: $1,100 - $1,400 per metric ton
- **Canada**: $1,200 - $1,500 per metric ton
- **South Africa**: $1,000 - $1,300 per metric ton
- **Egypt**: No results
- **Turkey**: $1,100 - $1,400 per metric ton
- **Thailand**: $1,000 - $1,300 per metric ton
- **Indonesia**: $1,000 - $1,300 per metric ton
These are approximate ranges and may vary depending on market conditions and other factors.
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