**Introduction to Tirzepatide** Tirzepatide is a groundbreaking dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, developed to manage type 2 diabetes and support weight loss. By mimicking the actions of both GIP and GLP-1 hormones, it enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in significantly lowering blood sugar levels and facilitating substantial weight reduction. Approved by the FDA under the brand name *Mounjaro* for diabetes and *Zepbound* for obesity, tirzepatide offers a promising therapeutic option for patients seeking improved glycemic control and sustainable weight management. Its innovative mechanism sets a new standard in metabolic care. (100 words)
Preparation Process: Tirzepatide is synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) using Fmoc chemistry. The linear peptide sequence (40 amino acids) is assembled on a resin, followed by sequential coupling of protected amino acids. After chain assembly, the peptide is cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and purified via reverse-phase HPLC. The C20 fatty diacid moiety is then conjugated to the lysine residue at position 20 using acylation chemistry. The final product undergoes further purification, lyophilization, and characterization by mass spectrometry and analytical HPLC to ensure purity (>95%) and correct structure. The compound is formulated as a sterile solution for injection.
Usage Scenarios: Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used primarily to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic weight management in adults. It enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety, improving glycemic control and aiding weight loss. Administered via weekly subcutaneous injections, tirzepatide has demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing HbA1c and body weight compared to other GLP-1 receptor agonists. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is prescribed alongside diet and exercise for optimal therapeutic outcomes.